With ridge expansion (RE) a vascular "bone flap" is developed to restore the functional proportions of the dento-alveolar complex. RE utilizes the healing potential of bone like an extraction site. Recent application of new technologies including: ultrasonic bone cutting, mechanical expanders and implant designs have simplified treatment of mandibular horizontal deficiencies. In the Maxilla, a non-traditional incision design is necessary to preserve the micro-vascular supply of the alveolus. These approaches will be reviewed including periosteal preservation, indications, contraindications, intra-operative decision-making and the management of complications. A rational approach to the introduction and progressive implementation of the techniques will be discussed.
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