Infection Control

The CDC requires that all critical instruments — those that penetrate soft tissue or bone — be sterilized using a heat-based process such as autoclaving. Semi-critical instruments contacting mucous membranes require at minimum high-level disinfection. Sterilization pouches must include both internal and external chemical indicators to confirm cycle completion.

The CDC recommends that dental unit water meet the standard of fewer than 500 CFU/mL of heterotrophic bacteria — the same standard as drinking water. Several states including Georgia and Washington now mandate quarterly testing by law. Practices should document results and corrective actions to maintain compliance records for state dental board inspections.

ASTM Level 3 masks provide the highest bacterial filtration efficiency and fluid resistance and are the standard recommendation for aerosol-generating procedures such as scaling, high-speed handpiece use, and surgical extractions. Level 1 masks are appropriate for low-spray examinations; Level 2 provides intermediate protection.

Sterilization destroys all forms of microbial life including bacterial spores and is required for critical instruments. Disinfection reduces microbial load but does not reliably eliminate spores — it is appropriate for semi-critical items and environmental surfaces. High-level disinfectants like glutaraldehyde can achieve near-sterilization on heat-sensitive items with extended contact times.

Independent panels of practicing dental professionals and office managers use products in their own offices for approximately 4 weeks, rating on criteria including efficacy, ease of use, compliance with regulatory standards, and staff acceptance. Products scoring 4.3 or above earn the DPS Best Product designation.